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关于铁路钢桥的运营强度检算情况,是桥梁设计工作者和科研工作者共同关心的问题之一。为了弄清这个问题,有关方面曾约请上海铁道学院工程系胡匡璋老师对此作些研究和介绍。胡匡璋老师在查阅国内外有关资料的基础上,撰写成《铁路钢桥的运营强度检算》一文。本文介绍了铁路钢桥检算疲劳强度的新理论,阐述了疲劳强度的一些特点。西德等国都尝试采用运营强度检算以代替疲劳强度检算的方法,使之更符合于实际荷载情况。文中所述的疲劳强度与构件形式有关而与钢材种类基本上无关这一点,已为大多数试验所证实(亦有少数例外),这是一条很重要的经验律。试件如何模拟实际构件这一点也很重要,文章注意到大试件与小试件之间的差异等关键问题,是很可贵的。同时,文章还指出了我国现行规范中的某些不足之处,亦有所裨益。当然,要使疲劳强度的检算更趋合理,还需作很多工作。本文曾经上海铁道学院钱钟毅教授校阅,并对此提出了一些独特的见解。现将钱钟毅教授《对〈铁路钢桥的运营强度检算〉的讨论》一文与本文同时发表,以便引起有关同志的兴趣和进一步讨论,并期有助于推动这方面的试验研究工作。
The checking of the operating strength of railway steel bridges is one of the common concerns for bridge designers and researchers. In order to clarify this issue, relevant parties have asked Hu Kuang Zhang, Engineering Department, Shanghai Railway Institute for some research and introduction. On the basis of referring to the relevant information both at home and abroad, Professor Hu Kuang-cheng authored a paper titled “Operational Strength Test of Railway Steel Bridges.” This paper introduces a new theory of checking the fatigue strength of railway steel bridges and expounds some characteristics of fatigue strength. West Germany and other countries have tried to use the operating strength test to replace the fatigue strength test method to make it more in line with the actual load situation. The fact that the fatigue strength described in this article is related to the form of the component and has little to do with the type of steel has been demonstrated by most tests, with a few exceptions, an important rule of thumb. It is also important that the specimen simulates the actual component. The article notes that the key issues such as the difference between a large specimen and a small specimen are very valuable. At the same time, the article also pointed out some shortcomings in the current norms of our country, but also benefits. Of course, there is still a lot of work to be done to make the calculation of fatigue intensity more reasonable. This article has been reviewed by Professor Qian Zhongyi of Shanghai Railway Institute and made some unique opinions on this issue. Professor Qian Zhongyi’s “Discussion on Operational Strength of Railway Steel Bridges>” was published at the same time as this article in order to arouse the interest of the comrades and further discussion, and help to promote the experimental research in this area.