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Nanoscale palladized iron (Pd/Fe) bimetallic particles were prepared by reductive deposition method. The particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller-nitrogen (BET-N2) method. Data obtained from those methods indicated that nanoscale Pd/Fe bimetallic particles contained α-Fe0. Detected Pd to Fe ratio by weight (PFRW) was close to theoretical PFRW. Spherical granules with diameter of 47±11.5 nm connected with one another to form chains and the chains composed nanoscale Pd/Fe bimetallic particles. Specific surface area of particles was 51 m2/g. Factors, such as species of reductants, PFRW, dose of nanoscale Pd/Fe bimetallic particles added into solutions, solution initial pH, and a variety of solvents were studied. Dechlorination effect of monochloroacetic acid (MCAA) by different reductants followed the trend: nanoscale Pd/Fe bimetallic particles of 0.182% PFRW > nanoscale Fe > reductive Fe. When PFRW was lower than 0.083%, increasing PFRW would increase dechlorination efficiency (DE) of MCAA. But when the PFRW was higher than 0.083%, increasing PFRW caused decrease in DE. Adding more nanoscale Pd/Fe bimetallic particles to solution would enhance DE. The DE of MCAA decreased as initial pH of solution increased.