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蒙古白丽蘑 (Leucocalocybe mongolicum (Imai) X.D.Yu&Y.J.Yao) 具有很高的食药用价值, 但自然产量非常少, 且驯化栽培技术一直未有突破, 致使其有濒临灭绝的危险.为了了解呼伦贝尔草原蒙古白丽蘑出菇时蘑菇圈子实体下土壤真菌的群落结构组成, 为蒙古白丽蘑的驯化栽培提供依据.本研究通过采集蒙古白丽蘑子实体下土壤并提取DNA, 以r DNA的ITS2区为测序鉴定研究区, 利用Illumina Hi Seq高通量测序以及系统发育, 分析蒙古白丽蘑子实体下土壤真菌物种多样性和物种丰富度.测序共获得有效序列86 866条, 255个OTU.蒙古白丽蘑子实体下土壤真菌优势属按OTU丰度从大到小依次为:镰刀菌属 (Fusarium) 、木霉属 (Trichoderma) 、枝孢属 (Cladosporium) 、茎点霉属 (Phoma) 、白丽蘑属 (Leucocalocybe) 、链格孢属 (Alternaria) 、壳二孢属 (Ascochyta) 、油瓶霉属 (Lecythophora) 、漆斑菌属 (Myrothecium) 、光黑壳属 (Preussia) .蒙古白丽蘑蘑菇圈子实体下土壤优势真菌大多为世界广布属, 且营腐生或寄生生活, 或兼具两种营养方式.它们在蒙古白丽蘑形成子实体时可通过土壤中的有机物质或分解植物为蒙古白丽蘑提供出菇所必须的营养物质, 蒙古白丽蘑与上述真菌类群相互的生态关系及营养方式还有待于我们利用不同的技术加以研究.“,”Leucocalocybe mongolicum is a fungus full of high edible and medicinal value, but its natural production is very small. In addition, the domestication and cultivation technology of it has had no breakthrough up to now, leading to its danger of extinction. The aim of this study was to investigate the fungal community structure in the soils under the fairy ring fruitbodies during the fruiting period of L. mongolicum on Hulunbuir grassland, so as to provide reference for the domestication and cultivation of L. mongolicum. The soil samples under L. mongolicum were collected, and the DNA was extracted. The ITS2 region of r DNA was sequenced as the target research area. Illumina Hi Seq high-throughput sequencing and phylogeny were used to analyze the species diversity and richness in the soil under L. mongolicum. 86 866 clean data were obtained and 255 OTUs were identified. Dominant fungi in the soils under L. mongolicum were as follows according to the richness of OTU:Fusarium, Trichoderma, Cladosporium, Phoma, Leucocalocybe, Alternaria, Ascochyta, Lecythophora, Myrothecium and Preussia. A majority o f dominant genera in the soils under the fairy ring fruitbodies of L. mongolicum were cosmopolitan genus, and they belonged to saprophytism or parasitism, or available to both of these two nutrition patterns. These fungi could decompose the organic matter in soils or plants to provide necessary nutrients for L. mongolicum when it formed fruitbodies. The ecological relationship between L. mongolicum and these fungi as well as its trophic style need to be further studied using different methods.