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静电计是讲授中学物理课时必备和常用的演示仪器,但是在使用时却因漏电而失灵。尤其是遇上阴雨天或粉尘较多相对湿度较大的教学环境时,实验的成功率更小。众所周知,有机玻璃、电木、硬质塑料以及石蜡都是常见的电阻率较大的绝缘材料。我们用实验研究了这四种材料在潮湿环境下的绝缘性能。用沾上水蒸气后的石蜡棒去接触带电的静电计的金属球,会看到静电计指针张角保持不变,换用其它三种棒材去做同样的实验明显看到静电计指针很快闭合到零刻度。这说明了在潮湿的环境下石蜡的绝缘性仍保持不变,而有机玻璃、电木和硬质塑料的绝缘性
An electrometer is an essential and commonly used demonstration instrument for teaching middle school physics classes, but it malfunctions due to electrical leakage during use. Especially when it comes to rainy days or a relatively high dust and humidity environment, the success rate of the experiment is even smaller. As we all know, organic glass, bakelite, hard plastic, and paraffin wax are common insulating materials with high resistivity. We experimentally studied the insulation properties of these four materials in a humid environment. Using a paraffin stick that has been smeared with water vapor to touch the charged electrometer’s metal ball, you will see that the electrometer’s pointer angle stays the same. You can use the other three rods for the same experiment. Obviously, the electrometer pointer is very visible. Close to zero scale quickly. This shows that in the wet environment, the insulation of paraffin remains unchanged, while the insulation of organic glass, bakelite and hard plastic