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目的:研究早孕妇女生殖道中胎儿细胞的存在情况,并用免疫组化法进一步确认细胞来源。寻找良好的取样方法及取样部位。探讨取样的最佳时机。方法:将健康早孕妇女随机分成2组:套管拭子法HE染色组(),免疫组化组();选择健康普查的妇女为对照,随机分成2组:套管拭子取样HE染色组(),免疫组化组()。各组分别采集阴道穹窿、宫颈管及子宫腔下部三部位的标本,行HE染色及免疫组化染色,观察滋养细胞存在情况。结果:1女性生殖道中存在胎儿脱落的滋养细胞,以子宫腔下部数量较多,获取机率大。2套管拭子是良好的取样工具,可以提高阳性细胞获取率,减少污染。3经生殖道取样的最佳时机为孕40～70天。4抗人滋养细胞抗体与合体滋养细胞发生强阳性反应,为滋养细胞的分离奠定基础。结论:孕妇生殖道中存在胎儿细胞,采用套管拭子在孕40～70天行子宫腔下部取样,获取阳性细胞率高,是一种安全有效的产前诊断技术
OBJECTIVE: To study the existence of fetal cells in the reproductive tract of early pregnant women and to further confirm the origin of the cells by immunohistochemistry. Find good sampling methods and sampling sites. Explore the best time to sample. Methods: The healthy pregnant women were randomly divided into two groups: Casing swab HE staining (), immunohistochemistry (); select the health census of women as control, were randomly divided into two groups: Casing swab sampling HE staining group (), Immunohistochemistry group (). Each group was collected vaginal vault, cervical canal and uterine cavity of the lower part of three specimens, HE staining and immunohistochemical staining to observe the presence of trophoblast cells. Results: 1 female reproductive tract trophoblast off the fetus to the lower part of the uterine cavity more access probability. 2 Casing swab is a good sampling tool, can improve the rate of positive cells, reduce pollution. 3 genital tract sampling the best time for pregnant 40 to 70 days. 4 anti-human trophoblast antibodies and syncytiotrophoblast cells strong positive reaction to lay the foundation for the separation of trophoblast cells. Conclusion: Fetal cells are present in the reproductive tract of pregnant women. Sampling of the lower part of the uterine cavity with a casing swab during 40-70 days of gestation results in a high rate of positive cells, which is a safe and effective prenatal diagnosis technique