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为展现建筑外形的多变性,超高层建筑外表面布置的装饰条尺寸越来越大,布置形式越来越灵活多变,其抗风安全性变得越来越突出。但装饰结构由于其体量小数量多而导致风洞试验难于直接测试其风荷载,因此该文研究利用数值风洞技术分析装饰结构的风荷载问题。以上海前滩一超高层为工程背景,该建筑外围四个面共布置72根装饰条,其中外围装饰条220 m高度以下均匀布置,220 m高度以上空间曲线交错布置。通过建立包括装饰条以及周边建筑的空间几何模型,求解不同风向角下的流场分布,从而获取了装饰条上的作用风荷载。通过统计分析不同风向角下不同高度区域装饰条的法向和切向风荷载系数分布特点,得出装饰条所受风荷载表现为明显的建筑拐角区域大而建筑平顺区域小的分布规律,并分析了其原因。给出装饰条的风荷载计算可以按照建筑外形划分为拐角区域、平顺区域以及过渡区域分别加以考虑,以及各个区域风荷载系数的控制取值,该结果可供类似工程项目设计提供参考。最后选取整体建筑表面的一些典型位置,对比了该些位置处风压的风洞试验结果与数值模拟结果,验证了数值模拟的可靠性。
In order to show the variability of the building’s shape, the decoration of the outer surface of the super-tall building is getting bigger and bigger, the arrangement form is more and more flexible, and its wind-proof safety becomes more and more prominent. However, because of its small volume, the decorative structure can not directly test the wind load of the wind tunnel test. Therefore, this paper studies the wind load of the decorative structure by using the numerical wind tunnel technique. With the foreground of a Shanghai super-high-rise building as the engineering background, a total of 72 decorative strips are arranged on the four sides of the outer periphery of the building, wherein the peripheral decorative strips are uniformly arranged below the height of 220 m and the spatial curves above 220 m are arranged alternately. By establishing the geometric model of the space including the decorative strips and the surrounding buildings, the flow field distribution under different wind angles is solved, and the wind load on the decorative strips is obtained. Through the statistic analysis of the distribution characteristics of normal and tangential wind load coefficient of the decorative strips at different heights under different wind direction angles, it is concluded that the wind load on the decorative strips is obviously distributed in the large corner area of the building and small in the smooth area of the building. Analysis of the reasons. The calculation of the wind load of the decorative strip can be considered according to the shape of the building divided into the corner area, the smooth area and the transition area respectively, and the control value of the wind load coefficient in each area. The result can be used as a reference for similar project design. Finally, some typical locations of the whole building surface are selected, and wind tunnel test results and numerical simulation results of the wind pressures at these locations are compared. The reliability of the numerical simulation is verified.