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目的:测量2~3岁正常幼儿鼻窦发育影像解剖数据,了解2~3岁幼儿的鼻窦解剖特点和发育规律。方法:通过CT影像工作站回顾性研究62例2~3岁幼儿的鼻窦冠状位CT,观察各鼻窦是否气化发育,并测量气化鼻窦左右径和上下径。结果:62例幼儿124侧上颌窦、前后组筛窦均气化发育,左侧上颌窦左右径(17.51±2.92)mm,上下径(16.63±3.46)mm;右侧上颌窦左右径(17.28±2.51)mm,上下径(17.24±3.72)mm。左侧前组筛窦左右径(5.06±1.18)mm,上下径(13.61±2.49)mm;右侧前组筛窦左右径(5.00±1.45)mm,上下径(13.64±2.30)mm。左侧后组筛窦左右径(7.94±1.72)mm,上下径(12.80±1.78)mm;右侧后组筛窦左右径(7.88±1.85)mm,上下径(12.64±1.96)mm。124侧蝶窦中120侧(96.77%)可见气化腔,4侧(3.23%)未见气化腔。120侧左侧蝶窦左右径(7.38±3.11)mm,上下径(8.67±3.14)mm;右侧蝶窦左右径(7.48±2.70)mm,上下径(8.63±2.42)mm。124侧额窦中38侧(30.65%)可见气化腔,86侧(69.35%)未见气化腔。结论:2~3岁幼儿上颌窦、前后组筛窦、蝶窦已气化发育,额窦开始气化发育。2~3岁幼儿可患急性鼻炎、鼻窦炎,应给予积极对症治疗,避免并发症发生。
Objective: To measure the anatomical data of sinus development in children aged 2 ~ 3 years and understand the anatomy and development of sinus in children aged 2 ~ 3 years old. Methods: A retrospective study of 62 cases of children aged 2 to 3 years old with coronal sinus CT was performed to observe the development of gastrula in each paranasal sinuses and to measure the left and right paranasal diameter and upper and lower camber of gastrula sinus. Results: The maxillary sinuses were developed on the side of 124 maxillary sinuses in children with infantile sinuosity. The left and right maxillary sinus diameters (17.51 ± 2.92) mm and the upper and lower diameter (16.63 ± 3.46) mm respectively. The diameter of the right maxillary sinus (17.28 ± 2.51) mm, the upper and lower diameter (17.24 ± 3.72) mm. The diameter of the left ethmoid left anterior (5.06 ± 1.18) mm, and the diameter of the anterior ethmoid sinus (13.61 ± 2.49) mm on the left anterior group were 5.00 ± 1.45 mm and the upper and lower diameters were 13.64 ± 2.30 mm. Left and right posterior ethmoid sinus diameter (7.94 ± 1.72) mm, upper and lower diameter (12.80 ± 1.78) mm; right posterior ethmoid sinus left and right diameter (7.88 ± 1.85) mm, the upper and lower diameter (12.64 ± 1.96) mm. 124 side of the sphenoid sinus 120 (96.77%) visible gasification chamber, 4 (3.23%) no gasification chamber. Left and right sphenoid sinus left and right diameter (7.38 ± 3.11) mm, the upper and lower diameter (8.67 ± 3.14) mm; right and left sphenoid left and right diameter (7.48 ± 2.70) mm, the upper and lower diameter (8.63 ± 2.42) mm. There were no cavitation cavities in 38 sides (30.65%) of 124 lateral frontal cavities and 86 (69.35%) side cavities. Conclusion: The maxillary sinus, anterior and posterior ethmoid sinus in children aged 2-3 years old have developed gasification and the frontal sinus begins to develop gasification. 2 to 3-year-old children may be suffering from acute rhinitis, sinusitis, positive symptomatic treatment should be given to avoid complications.