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肾小球肾炎是小儿的常见病,得病的多是3～12岁的儿童,它是一种免疫性疾病,是由溶血性链球菌感染(如扁桃体炎、化脓性脓性皮肤感染、咽喉炎、猩红热等)引起的变态反应(抗原抗体复合物反应)。急性肾炎发病前多有溶血性链球菌感染的历史,经过1～3周后开始出现颜面、眼睑浮肿并逐渐波及全身,同时伴有少尿、血尿、血压升高等症状,严重者可有头痛、呕吐、抽风,亦可有心慌气短、不能平卧、尿闭等症状,检查尿常可发现有蛋白和大量红细胞。急性肾炎整个病程约在4～6周,但有时尿化验要到几个月后才能逐渐恢复正常。儿童得了急性肾炎若能及时治疗,多在2～3周内尿量增多、浮肿消退,90％以上的的病儿最终可完全恢复健康,预后比成人急性肾炎要好些,变为慢性者仅2～5％。
Glomerulonephritis is a common disease in children, mostly 3 to 12-year-old children, it is an immune disease caused by hemolytic streptococcal infection (such as tonsillitis, suppurative purulent skin infections, pharyngitis , Scarlet fever, etc.) (antigen-antibody complex reaction). Acute nephritis before the onset of hemolytic streptococcal infection history, after 1 to 3 weeks began to appear facial, eyelid edema and gradually spread to the body, accompanied by oliguria, hematuria, elevated blood pressure and other symptoms, may have severe headache, Vomiting, ventilation, but also palpitation shortness of breath, not supine, urinary symptoms such as closed, check the urine can often find a large number of protein and red blood cells. Acute nephritis the entire course of about 4 to 6 weeks, but sometimes several months after the urine test to gradually return to normal. Children with acute nephritis if timely treatment, more in 2 to 3 weeks increased urine output, edema subsided, more than 90% of sick children can eventually be completely restored to health, the prognosis than adult acute nephritis is better, only 2 ~ 5%.