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本文对荀况唯物主义自然观的形成、特点及其局限性作了探讨。笔者认为荀况唯物主义自然观的形成是与他所处的时代和他反对“蔽于一曲,而(门音)于大理”的认识论、“虚壹而静”的认识方法密不可分的;是他批判继承发扬先秦诸子学术思想的必然结果。荀况的自然观具有突出的特点,他反对鬼神迷信之说,肯定了“天行有常,不为尧存,不为桀亡”;并提出了“制天命而用之”的人定胜天思想。但荀况的自然观也有其局限性,有着循环论色彩,肯定“天地始者,今日是也”。他的无神论思想也有不彻底的一面。
This article discusses the formation, characteristics, and limitations of naturalistic view of materialism. The author believes that the formation of naturalist view of materialism is inseparable from the era in which he lives and his opposition to “covering a song, and (door accent) to Dali,” the epistemology of “impossibility and quietness”; His critiques and inherits the inevitable result of carrying forward the academic thought of the pre-Qin scholars. The natural view of outstanding conditions has prominent characteristics. He opposes the theory of ghosts and superstitions and affirms that “the heavens are always there, they are not for the sake of survival, and they are not for the sake of ruin;” and they propose the idea of “manipulating the heavenly destiny” to win the heavens. However, the natural view of the situation also has its limitations. It has a cycle theory and affirms that “the initiator of heaven and earth, today is also.” His atheistic ideas also have incomplete aspects.