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本文回顾了我国金属矿山岩层控制的现状和技术,并从以下七个方面进行评述:(1)采空区处理—应用两种处理方法,即崩落围岩和外来材料充填;(2)岩石支护和加固—应用锚杆和喷锚支护取代传统的木支架支护;(3)岩体应力测量和应力计算—利用套孔法直接应变测量的方法,以确定岩石的绝对应力,且改进后的这种测量技术可以测定一个钻孔周边的三点应变;(4)寻求新的采矿方法—介绍锡矿山应用胶结和水砂充填开采河床保安矿柱和金川采用高进路下向分层胶结充填采矿法;(5)边坡加固和稳定性研究—包括通过加固边坡防止由节理分割的弧立岩体的崩落和用有限元法进行边坡变形分析;(6)危险预报—应用岩音控制器监测围岩崩落;(7)岩层移动—介绍锡矿山和若干钨矿的岩层移动观测结果。
This paper reviews the status quo and technology of rock metal control in China’s metal mines and comments on the following seven aspects: (1) Goaf treatment - applying two treatment methods, that is, caving surrounding rock and foreign material filling; (2) Protection and Reinforcement - Application of Bolt and Spray Anchor Support to Replace Traditional Wood Bracket Support; (3) Stress Measurement and Stress Calculation of Rock Mass - To determine the absolute stress of rock by using the method of direct strain measurement by the sleeve hole method, and to improve (4) Seek new mining methods - Introduce the application of cementing and water sand filling in the tin mines to mine the riverbed security pillars and Jinchuan using the high-way down-stratification (5) Study on slope reinforcement and stability - Including through the reinforcement of slope to prevent the collapse of arc-formed rock mass separated by joints and analysis of slope deformation by finite element method; (6) Hazard prediction - Application Rock sound controller to monitor the surrounding rock avalanche; (7) rock movement - Introduction of the rock movement observation results of tin mines and several tungsten mines.