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【目的】了解苏州市儿童哮喘患病率、起病年龄、发病诱因及防治现状,为进一步制定儿童哮喘防治措施提供科学依据。【方法】采用整群抽样调查,分两步:第一步问卷筛查得到疑似哮喘儿童资料,第二步对疑似病例进行临床确诊,同时了解其发病诱因及防治情况。【结果】收回初筛问卷10 805份,筛出喘息相关儿童622例,经临床确诊哮喘540例,咳嗽变异性哮喘5例,可疑哮喘77例。哮喘累计患病率为5%,男女患病率分别为6.22%、3.51%。过敏性鼻炎1 130例,患病率为10.46%,男女患病率分别为12.37%、8.13%。湿疹884例,患病率为8.18%,男女患病率分别为8.85%、7.35%。哮喘在3岁以内起病占77.17%。98.23%哮喘儿童反复应用过抗生素,59.97%在急性发作期接受吸入治疗,但在缓解期进行维持治疗的仅为8.89%。【结论】2010年苏州市0～14岁儿童哮喘累计患病率为5%,较10年前有增加,男性高于女性。儿童哮喘起病年龄大多数在3岁以内,发病高峰在春秋换季时,上呼吸道感染为最常见诱发因素。大多数哮喘患儿治疗不规范,正确、合理、规范治疗儿童哮喘的新知识、新药物要宣传、普及。
【Objective】 To understand the prevalence of asthma in children in Suzhou, the age of onset, the predisposing factors and the status of prevention and treatment, and provide a scientific basis for the further development of children’s asthma prevention and control measures. 【Method】 The cluster sampling survey was conducted in two steps: the first step was to obtain the data of suspected asthmatic children through the questionnaire screening; the second step was to diagnose the suspected cases and learn the causes and prevention of the disease. 【Results】 There were 10 805 primary screening questionnaires, 622 cases of wheezing-related children were screened out, 540 clinically diagnosed asthma, 5 cough variant asthma and 77 suspicious asthma. The cumulative prevalence of asthma was 5%, the prevalence of men and women were 6.22%, 3.51%. Altogether 130 cases of allergic rhinitis, the prevalence was 10.46%, male and female prevalence rates were 12.37%, 8.13%. 884 cases of eczema, the prevalence was 8.18%, male and female prevalence rates were 8.85%, 7.35%. Asthma onset within the age of 3 accounted for 77.17%. 98.23% of children with asthma repeatedly used antibiotics, 59.97% received inhalation during acute exacerbations, and only 8.89% of those treated during remission. 【Conclusion】 The cumulative prevalence of asthma in children aged 0-14 in Suzhou in 2010 was 5%, which was higher than that of 10 years ago. The male was higher than that of female. Most children with asthma onset age less than 3 years old, peak incidence in the spring and autumn season, the upper respiratory tract infection is the most common predisposing factor. Most children with asthma treatment is not standardized, correct, reasonable, normative treatment of new knowledge of childhood asthma, new drugs should be publicized and popularized.