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目的研究 ICU 院内嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌肺部感染的高危因素、临床特点、对抗生素的耐药情况及防治策略。方法对38例 ICU 内嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌肺部感染患者的高危因素、临床情况、细菌药物敏感性监测等进行回顾性统计分析。结果 38例多有严重原发疾病,多发生在入住 ICU 后的2～5周内,曾进行人工气道、机械通气、留置静脉导管等有创性检查,以及广谱抗生素的长期使用。同时住院时间较长,多伴有多脏器功能不全(MODS),药敏提示对多种常用抗生素耐药。结论嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌肺部感染常发生于有较严重的原发疾病及免疫功能低下的患者中。加强无菌操作、减少高危因素、合理应用广谱抗生素是防治感染的重要措施。
Objective To investigate the risk factors, clinical characteristics, antibiotic resistance and control strategies of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in ICU hospitals. Methods Retrospective statistical analysis was performed on the risk factors, clinical conditions and bacterial drug sensitivity in 38 ICU patients with pulmonary infection of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Results Thirty-eight patients had severe primary disease, which occurred more than 2 to 5 weeks after ICU admission. They had invasive examination such as artificial airway, mechanical ventilation and indwelling venous catheter, and long-term use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. At the same time longer hospitalization, accompanied by multiple organ dysfunction (MODS), drug sensitivity prompted a variety of commonly used antibiotics. Conclusion Stenotrophomonas maltophilia pulmonary infection often occurs in patients with more serious primary diseases and immunocompromised patients. Strengthen the aseptic operation, reduce the risk factors, the rational use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is an important measure to prevent infection.