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目的:揭示初中生农民工子女的心理压力现状及其应对方式。方法:从长沙市一所中学(接受进城务工农民子女的公立中学)随机抽取初一到初三年级农民工子女80人;随机抽取初一到初三年级城市居民子女70人。进行中学生应激源量表和中学生应对方式量表测验。结果:初中农民工子女心理压力与城市孩子心理压力在4个维度存在显著差异:即学习压力(t=3.18,P<0.05)、家庭环境压力(t=3.43,P<0.05)、同学朋友压力(t=3.55,P<0.05)和社会文化压力(t=3.86,P<0.05);农民工子女在面对压力时,他们与城市孩子的应对方式在6个维度上存在显著的差异,即问题解决(t=-2.67,P<0.05)、寻求支持(t=-3.79,P<0.01)、合理解释(t=-4.19,P<0.01)、忍耐(t=-4.46,P<0.01)、发泄情绪(t=-3.98,P<0.01)、和幻想否认(t=-2.92,P<0.05)。结论:初中农民工子女心理压力比城市孩子大;在面对压力时,农民工子女倾向于较少运用积极的应对方式。
Objective: To reveal the status quo and countermeasures of psychological pressure of junior high school migrant children. Methods: A random sample of 80 migrant children aged from first to third grade was selected from a secondary school in Changsha City (a public middle school receiving migrant workers’ children). 70 children of urban residents from the first to the third grade were randomly selected. The middle school students stressor scale and middle school students coping style scale test. Results: There was a significant difference in the four dimensions between the psychological pressure of children of migrant workers in junior middle school and that of urban children in four dimensions: learning stress (t = 3.18, P <0.05), family environment stress (t = 3.43, (t = 3.55, P <0.05) and social and cultural pressures (t = 3.86, P <0.05). In the face of pressure, children of migrant workers had significant differences in their coping styles with urban children in six dimensions Problem solving (t = -2.67, P <0.05), seeking support (t = -3.79, P <0.01) (T = -3.98, P <0.01), and fantasy denied (t = -2.92, P <0.05). Conclusion: The psychological pressure of migrant children in junior middle school is higher than that of city children. In the face of pressure, children of migrant workers tend to seldom use positive coping styles.