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行政执法具有厚实的民主基础,行政执法权力来源于民主的授权,行政权力的扩张需要民主的制约,行政自由裁量权的正当性需要民主的支持,代议机关立法活动的代表性不足需要外部民主的必要补充。在古代社会,雅典城邦国家利用陪审法庭为公民参与行政决定的合法性审查提供司法保障,在现代社会,司法审查已经成为行政过程合法化的一个常规要素,法院既可以通过司法审查向行政机关输出来自立法机关的合法性,也可以通过合宪审查输出来自司法机关自身的合法性,从而为行政执法民主提供了有力的司法保障。为了顺应行政民主化和社会化的趋势,我国不能仅仅依靠行政诉讼传输来自立法机关的合法性,还应该通过司法审查向行政机关输出来自司法机关自身的合法性。我们应该借鉴国外司法审查机制,建构我国行政执法民主的司法保障制度,为公民和社会组织参与行政决策活动提供全面的合法性渊源和充分的民意基础。
Administrative law enforcement has a solid foundation of democracy. The power of administrative law enforcement comes from the authorization of democracy. The expansion of administrative power requires the restriction of democracy. The legitimacy of administrative discretion needs the support of democracy. The lack of representativeness of the legislative activities of the agency requires external democracy The necessary supplement. In ancient society, the city-state of Athens used the jury court to provide judicial guarantee for citizens to participate in the legitimacy examination of administrative decisions. In modern society, judicial review has become a regular element of the legalization of the administrative process, and the court can not only output it to the administrative organ through judicial review The legitimacy of the legislature can also be exported through the constitutional review from the legitimacy of the judiciary itself, thus providing a strong judicial guarantee for the administration of law enforcement democracy. In order to conform to the trend of democratization and socialization of administration, our country can not rely solely on administrative litigation to transmit the legitimacy from the legislature, and should also output the legitimacy of the judiciary itself to the administrative organ through judicial review. We should draw lessons from the foreign judicial review system and construct the judicial guarantee system of the administrative law enforcement democracy in our country so as to provide a full legality source and sufficient public opinion base for citizens and social organizations to participate in the administrative decision-making activities.