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１９世纪末２０世纪初，在中国最流行的西方学说是进化论。中国人了解进化论，是通过早期江南制造局译出的《地学浅释》、《金石识别》等，更多的知识分子则是以严复１８９５年据赫胥黎《进化论与伦理学》一书达旨的《天演论》为媒介的。尽管赫胥黎是达尔文学说的忠实捍卫者，?
The most popular Western doctrine in China was evolution in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Chinese people understand evolutionism through the interpretation of geomanus and the recognition of stone by the early Jiangnan Bureau of Manufacturing. More and more intellectuals according to Hussein’s 1895 theory of evolution and ethics Purpose of “Evolution and Ethics” as a medium. Although Huxley is a loyal defender of Darwinism?