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中国农业文明历史悠久,勤劳智慧的劳动人民在长期的生产实践过程中一直在探索适应不同自然条件的农业生产方式,创造了灿烂的农业文化遗产。当今农业发展所面临的面临生态系统退化、面源污染严重、遗传资源丧失、食品安全问题严重等问题,促使人们转而学习传统农业的智慧与经验。本文从基于文献的传统农业文化遗产研究和基于实践的动态保护与适应性管理研究两个方面,较为系统地回顾了中国农业文化遗产研究的主要进展。指出,积淀深厚、成果丰富的农业历史和农业考古研究,为农业文化遗产保护实践和发展生态农业奠定了坚实的基础。2002年联合国粮农组织(FAO)发起的全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)项目,则极大地提高了人们对农业文化遗产价值的认识,使农业文化遗产保护研究与实践进入了一个新阶段,在农业文化遗产的概念与内涵、农业生物多样性、多重价值、替代产业发展以及法律与政策保障等方面都有新的探索。未来研究中应进一步丰富研究内容,改进研究方法,深入开展农业文化遗产的保护和利用的探索等。
China’s agricultural civilization has a long history and industrious and wise working people have been exploring agricultural production methods that adapt to different natural conditions in the course of long-term production practice and have created splendid agricultural and cultural heritages. Facing the problems of ecosystem degradation, non-point source pollution, loss of genetic resources and serious food safety problems, agricultural development nowadays urges people to learn the wisdom and experience of traditional agriculture instead. This paper systematically reviews the major advances in the study of China’s agricultural heritage from two aspects: traditional agricultural heritage research based on literature and dynamic protection and adaptive management based on practice. It points out that the rich and rich agricultural history and agricultural archeology have laid a solid foundation for the protection of agricultural heritage and the development of ecological agriculture. The 2002 GIAHS initiated by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has greatly raised people’s awareness of the value of agricultural heritage and has brought the research and practice on the protection of agricultural heritage into a new phase. In agriculture The concept and connotation of cultural heritage, agricultural biodiversity, multiple values, the development of alternative industries and the protection of law and policy have all been newly explored. Future research should further enrich the research content, improve research methods, and further explore the protection and utilization of agricultural cultural heritage.