论文部分内容阅读
目的:探讨未成瘾吸烟者的决策机制及影响因素,从而为控烟政策的制定提供有价值的建议。方法:运用消费行为学、行为经济学相关理论,分析未成瘾吸烟者在吸烟决策中所涉及的成本、收益,并对其进行分类,从而明确各类因素在吸烟决策中发挥的作用及其作用机制。结果:在未成瘾阶段,人们的吸烟行为更多的是出于对某种特定收益的追求,包括功能性收益、心理收益以及情境收益。吸烟者一方面存在对特定收益的追求,另一方面,这一时期吸烟的费用不高,健康损害成本也很小,甚至可以忽略不计。因此,是否吸烟的选择在很大程度上取决于吸烟收益的大小与交易成本大小之间的权衡与对比。结论:各类成本、收益对不同阶段吸烟决策的影响不同,其作用机制也存在很大差异,增加交易成本可能会导致未成瘾吸烟者放弃吸烟,但对成瘾者则可能无效。控烟政策的制定应对处于不同吸烟阶段的人群有所区分,使之更具有针对性。
Objective: To explore the decision-making mechanism and influencing factors of non-addicted smokers, so as to provide valuable suggestions for the formulation of tobacco control policies. Methods: Based on the theories of consumer behavior and behavioral economics, the costs and benefits of non-addicted smokers in smoking decision-making were analyzed and classified, so as to clarify the role of various factors in smoking decision-making and their Mechanism. Results: In the non-addiction phase, people’s smoking behavior is more the pursuit of a particular benefit, including functional benefits, psychological benefits, and contextual benefits. Smokers, on the one hand, have pursued specific benefits. On the other hand, the costs of smoking during this period are not high, and the costs of health damage are small or even negligible. Therefore, whether the choice of smoking depends largely on the trade-off between smoking revenue size and transaction cost. CONCLUSIONS: Various costs and benefits have different effects on smoking decision-making at different stages, and their mechanism of action is quite different. Increasing transaction costs may lead to non-addicted smokers to give up smoking but may be ineffective for addicts. Tobacco control policies should be formulated to differentiate people at different stages of smoking and to make them more specific.