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环境污染会给生态系统造成直接的破坏和影响,如沙漠化、森林破坏,也会给生态系统和人类社会造成间接的危害,有时这种间接的环境效应的危害比造成的直接危害更大,也更难消除.例如,温室效应、酸雨和臭氧层破坏这类由环境污染衍生的环境效应具有滞后性,往往在污染发生的当时不易被察觉到.然而一旦发现就表示环境污染已经发展到相当严重的地步.当然,环境污染的最直接、最容易被人所感受的后果是使人类环境的质量下降,影响人类的生活质量、身体健康和生产活动.如1943年5月～10月,美国洛杉矶市大量汽车废气产生的光化学烟雾,造成大多数居民患眼睛红肿、喉炎、呼吸道疾患恶化等疾病,65岁以上的老人死亡400多人.
Environmental pollution will cause direct damage and impact on ecosystems. For example, desertification and forest destruction will also cause indirect damage to ecosystems and human society. Sometimes, this indirect environmental effect is more harmful than direct damage. It is more difficult to eliminate. For example, environmental effects derived from environmental pollution, such as the greenhouse effect, acid rain, and ozone layer destruction, are lagging, and are often not easily perceived at the time of the pollution. However, once discovered, it indicates that the environmental pollution has developed to a serious degree. At the same time, of course, the most direct and most easily perceived environmental pollution is the deterioration of the quality of the human environment, affecting the quality of human life, physical health, and production activities. As of May to October 1943, Los Angeles, USA The photochemical smog produced by a large number of automotive exhaust gases caused most residents to suffer from diseases such as red eyes, laryngitis, and worse respiratory diseases. Over 65 people over 65 died.