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Objective: To study the expression of bcl-2 and bax in human ameloblastoma (AB), and investigate the role of apoptosis in genesis and development of AB and the relation of apoptosis with the clinic biological characteristics of AB. Methods:BCL-2 and BAX proteins were detected in 75 cases of AB (primary AB 31 cases, recurrent AB 37 cases, malignant AB 7cases) by S-P method. Oral normal mucosa (NOM) and Odontogenic kerotosyst (OKC) were used as controls. Bcl-2 and bax mRNA in 20 cases of AB, 12 cases of OKC were detected by in situ hybridization. Results: The positive ratio of BCL-2protein was 88.0% ( 66/75 ) in AB, 74.3% (26/35) in OKC and 44.4% (4/9) in NOM, respectively (P＜0.001). BCL-2 protein was expressed in peripheral cells and a few scattered stellate-shape cells in AB. The positive ratio of BAX protein was 74.7%(56/75)in AB, 65.7%(23/35)in OKC and 77.8%(7/9) in NOM, respectively (P＜0.001). BAX protein was expressed in peripheral cells and stellate-shape cells with similar intensity. BCL-2 expression increased in recurrent and AB canceration(P＜0.01), while for BAX expression, the positive ratio was higher in recurrent AB, but lower than that of malignant AB. A moderate negative correlation between BCL-2 and BAX protein was found (rk=-0.331, P＜0.001).Conclusion: AB has much more apoptosis-inhibiting protein than apoptosis- accelarating protein. Apoptosis plays an important role in genesis, development of AB. The fashion and intensity of bcl-2 and bax expression were different in various tissues and in benign or malignant AB.