论文部分内容阅读
毒素的利用是天然毒素研究的一个重要方面,许多毒素已成为临床治疗的重要药物.八十年代初Scott首先注意到了肉毒毒素在治疗上的应用.他用A型肉毒毒素注射于眼外肌治疗斜视获得了成功.注射小剂量A型肉毒毒素于眼外肌,毒素能结合到运动神经末梢阻止乙酰胆碱的释放而产生选择性麻痹作用,使眼在眶内位置改变以治疗斜视.肉毒毒素引起的神经肌肉阻滞是持久的,肌肉功能的恢复需通过从轴突上萌生新的运动终板.所以A型肉毒毒素的治疗作用可维持6周至6个月.此疗法已引起国外广泛的重视.目前用A型肉毒毒素治疗斜视已达千例以上.A型肉毒毒素也适用于原发性眼睑痉挛的治疗.原发性眼睑痉挛时眼睑不自主的闭合,可能导致功能性失明.虽然可用抗精神病药物、生物反馈和手术疗法等进行治疗,但未获满意疗效.眼睑痉挛是由于眼轮匝肌的收缩引起上下眼睑相对运动,同时对眼施加了一个向后的力.Doane用高速电影摄影证实眼睑痉挛时眼球后退约1毫米.肉毒毒素可使眼轮匝肌麻痹,睑痉
The use of toxins is an important aspect of the study of natural toxins, and many toxins have become important drugs for clinical treatment. In the early 1980s, Scott first noticed the therapeutic use of botulinum toxins. He injected botulinum toxin type A Muscle treatment strabismus success. Injection of small doses of Botulinum toxin in the extraocular muscles, toxins can bind to the motor nerve endings to prevent the release of acetylcholine selectively paralysis, the eye in the orbital position change to treat strabismus. The toxin-induced neuromuscular block is durable and recovery of muscular function requires the initiation of a new motor endplate from the axon so that the therapeutic effect of botulinum toxin type A can last from 6 weeks to 6 months. A wide range of foreign attention now with botulinum toxin type A treatment of strabismus has reached more than a thousand cases of Botulinum toxin type A is also suitable for the treatment of primary blepharospasm.Eyelid spasm involuntary closure of the eyelids may lead to Functional blindness.Although available antipsychotics, biofeedback and surgical treatment for treatment, but not satisfied with the efficacy of blepharospasm is due to orbicularis muscle contraction caused by the upper and lower eyelid Motion, while the eye of the rearward force is applied to a high speed cinematography .Doane confirmed when Duane blepharospasm about 1 millimeter. Botulinum toxin can orbicularis muscle paralysis, eyelid spasm