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主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)的研究进展很快。现在按照MHC的结构和功能将其所属抗原分成三型:Ⅰ型MHC即HLA-A、B、C(或小鼠的H-2K、D),它以糖蛋白的形式存在于所有的有核细胞膜上,是对移植物排斥反应的主要靶子,在识别和破坏病毒感染的细胞或肿瘤细胞中也起重要作用。Ⅱ型MHC即HLA-D、DR[或小鼠的Ia(I-A、E、J)],主要存在于B淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞上,也存在于激活的T淋巴细胞上。这些细胞在各种体液免疫和细胞免疫应答中通过辅助和抑制效应起调节作用。
Research on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is progressing rapidly. The antigens to which MHC belongs are now classified into three types according to the structure and function of MHC: MHC class I, HLA-A, B, C (or mouse H-2K, D), exists as a glycoprotein in all nuclei On the cell membrane, it is the primary target of graft rejection and plays an important role in identifying and destroying virus-infected cells or tumor cells. Type II MHC, HLA-D, DR [or mouse Ia (I-A, E, J)] is mainly present on B lymphocytes and macrophages as well as on activated T lymphocytes. These cells play a regulatory role in assistive and inhibitory effects in various humoral and cellular immune responses.