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目的通过对某钢厂工人心血管系统疾病的调查与分析,了解噪声与高温联合环境对作业工人的危害情况,探讨减少工人职业伤害的有效途径。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,抽取纯高温环境,纯噪声环境,噪声与高温联合环境及无噪声、高温环境工人186人,调查其心血管系统异常状况。结果纯高温环境,纯噪声环境,噪声与高温联合环境及无噪声、高温环境工人心血管系统异常率比较,差异有统计学意义。心电图与血压异常率纯高温环境工人为30.8%、33.3%;纯噪声环境工人为32.2%、35.6%;噪声与高温联合环境工人为50.0%,46.6%;无噪声、高温环境工人为22.0%、23.6%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中噪声与高温联合环境工人心电图与血压异常率最高。不同工龄的工人心电图异常率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),工龄越长,异常率越高。结论噪声与高温对工人的心血管系统造成明显的伤害,并随工龄的增加而加大,其中噪声与高温联合环境对工人的心血管系统伤害尤为严重,必须采取劳动保护措施以减少对作业工人的职业伤害。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate and analyze the cardiovascular system diseases of workers in a steel mill, and to understand the hazards of the combined environment of noise and high temperature on workers, and to explore effective ways to reduce the occupational injuries of workers. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to extract 186 cases of pure high temperature environment, pure noise environment, noisy and high temperature combined environment and no noise and high temperature environment workers to investigate the cardiovascular system abnormalities. Results There were significant differences in abnormal rate of cardiovascular system between pure high temperature environment, pure noise environment, noisy and high temperature combined environment and no noise and high temperature environment. Electrocardiogram and abnormal rate of blood pressure were 30.8% and 33.3% in pure high temperature environment, 32.2% and 35.6% respectively in pure noise environment, 50.0% and 46.6% in noise and high temperature environment, 22.0% in no noise and high temperature environment, 23.6%, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05), of which noise and high temperature combined with environmental workers the highest rate of abnormal ECG and blood pressure. Electrocardiogram abnormalities in workers of different ages were significantly different (P <0.01). The longer the length of service, the higher the abnormal rate. Conclusions Noise and high temperature cause obvious damage to the cardiovascular system of workers and increase with the increase of working age. The combination of noise and high temperature is particularly serious on the cardiovascular system of workers, and labor protection measures must be taken to reduce the impact on workers’ Occupational injuries.