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本文研究了温凉湿润地区不同地形条件下花岗岩母质上的山地暗棕色森林土土壤链的矿物风化。结果表明,由阳坡岗顶、中部到阴坡下部,酸性淋溶由强变弱。原生铝硅酸盐矿物蚀变为次生的粘土矿物:黑云母酸—弱酸性→二八面体Al(层间)蛭石弱酸—中性→Al绿泥石;微斜长石→蒙皂石;斜长石弱酸性→高岭石或蒙皂石一高岭石类矿物的混层物。在针阔混交林作用下,A层腐殖酸与铝、铁络合,铝蛭石化过程弱。AB和B层黑云母和长石蚀变强,矿物晶层间羟基铝积累,阳坡岗顶Al(层间)蛭石和蒙皂石化,形成了较高的土壤潜在酸度;阴坡下部除Al蛭石外,并有成土Al绿泥石形成,潜在酸度低。含有蒙皂石的C层,层间铝有积累。矿物蚀变和晶层Al转移,是山地暗棕色森林土酸度的主要来源。红松林类型和林木生长情况与土壤粘土矿物学特性及其化学环境条件密切有关。
This paper studies the mineralization of soil chains in mountain dark brown forest soil under different topography of granite in a warm and humid area. The results show that from the top of the sunny hill to the lower part of the shady slope, the acid leaching becomes stronger and weaker. Primary aluminosilicate alteration to secondary clay minerals: biotite - weakly acidic → dioctahedral Al (interlamellar) vermiculite weak acid - neutral → Alkaline chlorite; slightly plagioclase → smectite ; Plagioclase weak acid → kaolinite or smectite-kaolinite minerals mixed layer. Under the action of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, humic acid in layer A is weakly bound with aluminum and iron, and the leaching process of the aluminum vermiculite. The biotite and feldspathic alterations in the AB and B layers became stronger, the aluminum-aluminum accumulation in the mineral intergranular layers, Al (interlayer) vermiculite and smectitization in the sunny slope formed a higher soil potential acidity. In addition, Al Vermiculite, and the formation of soil forming Alkaline, low potential acidity. C layer containing smectite, aluminum layer has accumulated. Mineral alteration and Al layer transfer are the main sources of acidity in dark brown forest soils. The type of Korean pine forest and the growth of tree are closely related to the clay mineralogy and its chemical and environmental conditions.