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[目的]深入研究砂梨(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai)的晚秋二次花与正常花在形态与生理上的差异,为二次花的利用与防控提供理论依据。[方法]连续两年对砂梨二次花和春季正常花的花粉数量、萌发率、花粉管和坐果特点进行测定和比较。[结果]二次花的花丝长度和花瓣大小仅为正常开花的50%;二次花的可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和氨基酸含量仅为正常花的66.0%~77.8%,与正常花相比,二次花有较高的败育率。正常开花的花粉在柱头萌发后能正常到达花柱的基部,而二次花的花粉萌发后却只能到达花柱的中部。[结论]虽然二次花具备正常的花器官和授粉的基本功能,但与正常花在形态特点和生理功能上具有一定差异。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the morphological and physiological differences between the second flower and the normal flower of Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai in the late autumn, and provide the theoretical basis for the utilization and control of the second flower. [Method] The pollen quantity, germination rate, pollen tube and fruit setting of the secondary flowers and spring normal flowers of sand pear were measured and compared for two consecutive years. [Result] The filament length and petal size of secondary flowers were only 50% of that of normal flowering ones. The content of soluble protein, soluble sugar and amino acid of secondary flowers was only 66.0% ~ 77.8% of normal ones. Compared with normal flowers, Flowers have a higher rate of abortion. Normal flowering of pollen in the stigma germination can reach the base of the normal style, but after the second flower pollen germination but can only reach the middle of the style. [Conclusion] Although the second flower had the normal function of flower organs and pollination, it had some differences with normal flower in morphological and physiological functions.