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各国的医疗保险体系究其实质都是政府安排与市场机制的某种混合体,政府作用权重的大小以及政府介入的途径在事实上塑造了不同模式的医疗保险体系。那么,究竟什么样的政府与市场组合是最理想的?要回答这个问题,必须首先明确是什么因素决定了一国医疗保险体系中政府和市场的定位。本文将综合历史的和静态的视角,深入研究英国和美国的医疗保险体系,以期很好地理解是哪些因素、以何种方式决定了一国的政府与市场在医疗保险体系中的角色定位,由此对中国医疗保险体系问题的研究提供一些帮助。
In essence, the medical insurance systems in all countries are some kind of mixture of government arrangement and market mechanism. The weight of government function and the way of government intervention have in fact shaped the different modes of medical insurance system. So, what kind of government and market combination is the most ideal? To answer this question, we must first determine what determines the position of the government and the market in a country’s health insurance system. In this article, I will combine historical and static perspectives to study the medical insurance system in the United Kingdom and the United States in order to better understand what factors and in what way determine the role of the government and the market in a country’s health insurance system. This will provide some help for the research on China’s medical insurance system.