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算术是逻辑性很强的一门学科。在算术教学中要根据教材的具体内容和学生智力发展的水平,培养和发展学生的逻辑思维。所谓思维,就是人们在感知的基础上,以概念和判断的形式来反映客观现实的过程。所谓逻辑思维,就是确定的、无矛盾的、前后一贯的、有根据的思维。概念、判断、推理是思维的基本形式。比较、分析和综合、抽象和概括等思维活动,是形成概念、表示判断、实现推理的必需的一些基本过程。我们要发展学生的逻辑思维,就要在算术教学中注意培养了们能够掌握思维的基本过程和思维的基本形式。现在分别举例加以说明。1.比较:为了某个目的,在思维过程中把类似的对象,彼此加以比较,就容易确定它们之间的相同点和不同点,从而获得正确的认识。在算术教学中我们
Arithmetic is a very logical discipline. In arithmetic teaching, according to the specific content of teaching materials and the level of students' intellectual development, students should be trained to develop their logical thinking. The so-called thinking, that is, people on the basis of perception, in the form of concepts and judgments to reflect the objective reality of the process. The so-called logical thinking, is determined, no contradiction, consistent, well-founded thinking. Concept, judgment, reasoning is the basic form of thinking. Comparative thinking, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and generalization of thinking activities, is the formation of concepts, judgments, to achieve the necessary reasoning some of the basic process. If we want to develop students' logical thinking, we must pay attention to cultivating the basic process of thinking and basic forms of thinking in arithmetic teaching. Now give an example to illustrate. 1. Compare: For some purpose, in the thinking process similar objects, compared with each other, it is easy to determine the same point and difference between them, so as to obtain the correct understanding. We are in arithmetic teaching