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“复调小说中主人公与作者地位平等”是巴赫金复调小说中对话原则思想构成的主要基石。如果这一设想动摇,则巴赫金对话思想的有力支撑点也随之动摇。针对诸多研究者对此提出的的质疑,本文指出“复调小说中主人公形象的独立性”与“独白小说主人公的独立性”有着严格的区别:复调小说中主人公的思想是复调小说中描写的核心,而在独白小说中思想只是人物的诸多特性之一。独白小说中人物的独立性实际上是在文本主流思想规定下的生动性,仍然属于审美的一元化范畴内。同时,复调小说的产生离不开当时的社会因素和作家本身的才能,特别要重视从病理学角度考察作家的双重人格特征对复调小说产生的重要意义。
Equality between the protagonist and the author in polyphonic novels is the main cornerstone of the thought of the principle of dialogue in Bakhtin’s novels. If this idea is shaken, the strong support for Bakhtin’s dialogue will also be shaken. In response to questions raised by many researchers, this paper points out that there is a strict distinction between “the independence of protagonist images in polyphonic novels” and “the independence of protagonists in monologue novels”: the protagonist’s thinking in polyphonic novels is Polyphonic novels described in the core, but in monologues in thought is only one of the many characteristics of people. The independence of characters in monologue novels is actually vivid under the provisions of the mainstream texts and still belongs to the unified category of aesthetics. At the same time, polyphonic novels can not be separated from the social factors of the time and the writer’s own abilities, with particular emphasis on examining the writer’s dual personality traits from the pathological point of view of the importance of polyphonic novels.