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海南岛是中国最大的热带作物生产基地,土地开发不当,往往会引起严重的水土流失而导致土壤肥力衰退。本文依据调查材料和海南岛热带作物生产的经验和教训,着重讨论在热带地区旱坡地开发利用的过程中,保持、恢复和提高土壤肥力所必须遵循的三项基本生产措施。即:(1)开垦旱坡地的同时,必须建立起水土保持工程;(2)在多年生木本作物的幼龄期,建立优良的绿肥覆盖作物是保持水土和培肥土壤的有效措施,而且任何形式的地表覆盖都比地表裸露更有利于保持水土和提高土壤肥力;(3)加强科学施肥,是提高和恢复土地生产力的基本途径。
Hainan Island is China’s largest production base for tropical crops. Improper land development often leads to serious soil erosion and soil fertility decline. Based on the survey materials and experiences and lessons learned from the tropical crop production in Hainan Island, this paper focuses on the three basic production measures that must be followed to maintain, restore and enhance soil fertility in the development and utilization of dryland in tropical regions. Namely: (1) Soil and water conservation projects must be established at the same time as reclamation of dry land; (2) Establishing good covering crops of green manures is an effective measure to maintain soil fertility and soil fertility at the young age of perennial woody crops; and The form of surface cover is more conducive to maintaining soil and water and soil fertility than the bare surface; (3) Strengthening scientific fertilization is the basic way to improve and restore land productivity.