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Seven years’ field experiments on application of c stover and/or cattle manure combined with chemical fertilizers were carried out in Shouyang Dryland Farming Experimental Station. Results showed that the increased available N in the plough layer was mainly influenced by the application of cattle manure; the available P was mainly influenced by the application of chemical fertilizer; the available K was mainly influenced by the incorporation of c stover. The organic matter contents in the soils treated with c stover or cattle manure were kept in balance under the experimental conditions. C yield and water use efficiency were influenced significantly not only by fertilizer N but also by incorporated c stover. The results suggested that the highest N uptake, yield and water use efficiency could be obtained at rates of 105 kg fertilizer N, 6000 kg c stover, and 1500 kg cattle manure per hectare. The experiments supplied information on nutrient recycling and use of c stover as sources of fodder and organic fertilizer for balancing application of organic and inorganic fertilizer, improving soil fertility and increasing crop yield with incorporation of c stover in soil.