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目的掌握甘肃省甘南藏族自治州(简称甘南州)麻风病的流行特点和防治效果,为实现《消除麻风病危害规划》目标提供理论依据。方法对1949─2014年甘南州960例麻风病患者,根据病历情况按《麻风病防治手册》标准进行诊断,依马德里分类法分类定型,整理汇总历年的防治资料并进行流行病学分析。结果 1949─2014年甘南州累计发现麻风病患者960例,分布在8个县(市)82个乡(镇)409个自然村,迭部县病例最多(216例、占22.50%),碌曲县次之(174例、占18.13%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=1 079.70,P<0.01);1950─1954年发病率最高为13.12/10万,2005─2009年最低为0.03/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ2=433.22,P<0.01);1955─1959年发现率最高为17.16/10万,2010─2014年最低为0.03/10万;1964年底患病率最高为8.39/万,2011年底最低为0.01/万;发病类型以瘤型麻风为主(744例、占77.50%),男性发病高于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ2=52.43,P<0.01);藏族发病高于汉族,差异有统计学意义(χ2=209.41,P<0.01);发病年龄以15~45岁组人群为主(758例、占78.96%),职业以农牧民为主(929例、占96.77%)。结论甘南州60余年麻风病防治成效显著,有效地控制了全州麻风病的流行,为如期实现《消除麻风病危害规划2011─2020年》目标,还需进一步落实各项防治措施。
Objective To grasp the epidemiological characteristics and control effects of leprosy in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province (referred to as Gannan Prefecture), and to provide a theoretical basis for the realization of the goal of eliminating the leprosy harm plan. Methods A total of 960 cases of leprosy in Gannan Prefecture from 1949 to 2014 were diagnosed according to the records of “Leprosy Prevention and Treatment Manual” according to the medical records and classified and classified according to the Madrid classification. The prevention and treatment data were summarized and epidemiological analysis was conducted over the years. Results A total of 960 cases of leprosy were found in Gannan Prefecture from 1949 to 2014, distributed in 409 natural villages in 82 townships of 8 counties (cities), with the largest number of cases (216 cases, accounting for 22.50%) in Diebu County, Luqu County (174 cases, accounting for 18.13%), the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 1 079.70, P <0.01); the highest incidence was 13.12 per 100 000 from 1954 to 1950, and the lowest from 2005 to 2009 was 0.03 per 100 000 , The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 433.22, P <0.01); 1955-1959 the highest detection rate was 17.16 / 100 000, the lowest from 2010 to 2014 0.03 / 100,000; the highest prevalence at the end of 1964 was 8.39 / million , And the lowest was 0.01 / million at the end of 2011. The incidence type was leprous (744 cases, 77.50%). The incidence of male was higher than that of female, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 52.43, P <0.01) In the Han nationality, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 209.41, P <0.01). The age of onset was mainly in the population aged 15-45 (758 cases, accounting for 78.96%). The main occupations were peasants and herdsmen (929 cases, accounting for 96.77%). Conclusion The effectiveness of leprosy control in Gannan Prefecture over the past 60 years has been significantly controlled and the prevalence of leprosy in Jeonju has been effectively controlled. In order to achieve the goal of eliminating leprosy endangerment programs 2011-2020 on schedule, all prevention and control measures need to be further implemented.