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目的了解长沙市美沙酮维持治疗(methadone maintenance treatment,MMT)吸毒者的治疗现状,探究疗效的影响因素,为提高MMT疗效提供理论依据。方法采用整群简单随机抽样的方法于2015年4~8月在长沙市3个美沙酮门诊随机抽取120例接受MMT吸毒者,以吸毒者自评和医生评分的方式,现场完成问卷调查和相关资料的采集,了解吸毒者药物疗效的影响因素和疗效得分。结果吸毒者MMT疗效平均得分为(78.14±10.34)分。学历(F=27.36,P=0.00)和婚姻状况(F=30.57,P=0.00)对医生评定疗效得分影响差异有统计学意义。治疗依从性、情绪障碍、社会环境、家庭关怀和吸毒者学历与疗效拟合的多元线性回归方程有统计学意义(r~2=0.42,F=11.59,P=0.00),其中治疗依从性(β=0.45)、家庭关怀(β=0.33)、学历情况(β=0.21)对疗效得分影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论美沙酮维持治疗门诊应格外留意离异、分居或丧偶的低学历吸毒人群。为提升美沙酮治疗疗效,应提高患者的治疗依从性、开展家庭关怀和社会关怀措施,改善吸毒人群情绪障碍问题。
Objective To understand the treatment status of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) drug users in Changsha and to explore the influencing factors of therapeutic effect, so as to provide a theoretical basis for improving the efficacy of MMT. Methods A total of 120 randomized MMT drug abusers were randomly selected from three methadone clinics in Changsha from April to August 2015 by means of simple cluster random sampling. The questionnaires and relevant materials were completed on the spot by way of self-assessment and doctor’s score of drug addicts Of the acquisition, drug addicts to understand the impact of drug efficacy and efficacy scores. Results The mean score of MMT for drug addicts was (78.14 ± 10.34) points. There was significant difference in the effect of the medical assessment on the efficacy scores between the qualifications (F = 27.36, P = 0.00) and the marital status (F = 30.57, P = 0.00) The multivariate linear regression equations of treatment adherence, mood disorder, social environment, family care and drug addicts’ academic record and curative effect were statistically significant (r = 2 = 0.42, F = 11.59, P = 0.00) β = 0.45), family care (β = 0.33), and educational background (β = 0.21) had statistically significant differences (P <0.05). Conclusion Methadone maintenance treatment clinics should pay special attention to divorced, separated or widowed low-educated drug users. To improve the efficacy of methadone treatment, patients should be treated compliance, family care and social care measures to improve and improve the emotional problems of drug users.