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由矿石和精矿中煉出铜来的过程分为两个生产阶段:第一阶段是熔煉成为冰铜;这时炉料的组成部分乃变成熔融状态。由于化学反应的结果,脈石便造成炉渣而分离,铜则富集成为冰铜,所谓冰铜就是铜和铁的硫化物的合金。第二阶段是将冰铜吹煉成粗铜。冰铜熔煉是在鼓风炉或反射炉内进行的。吹煉则用转炉(或吹炉)来进行。为了便于将矿石的造岩成份变成液体状态,並使金属容易与造岩成份分开,熔煉时须用熔往日剂。究竟是在炉料中加入酸性熔剂或是加入鹹性熔剂,则须根据矿石和精矿的性质及成份以及希望获得的炉渣类型来决定。
The process of refining copper from ores and concentrates is divided into two stages of production: the first stage is smelting to matte; the constituent parts of the charge are then melted. As a result of the chemical reaction, gangue will result in the separation of slag, while copper is enriched in matte. The so-called matte is an alloy of copper and iron sulfide. The second stage is the matte blown copper. The matte smelting is carried out in a blast furnace or in a reverberatory furnace. Blowing is the use of converter (or blowing furnace) to carry out. In order to facilitate the formation of rock ore into a liquid state, and the metal is easy to separate from the rock composition, melting time to be used to melt agent. It is up to the nature and composition of the ore and concentrates, and the type of slag desired, whether to add acidic flux to the charge or to add the molten salt.