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迄今为止,已从微生物中分离得到了163个具有细胞毒、抗细菌、抗真菌等生物活性的卤代天然产物。本文综述了这些卤代化合物的微生物来源、结构及其生物活性。海洋微生物是卤代天然产物的主要生产者(占49%),而真菌更能利用培养基中的卤离子合成卤代化合物(占61%);氯代化合物和含氮卤代化合物是活性卤代天然产物的主要类型,分别占92%和47%,印证了氮是一种主要的生命元素;微生物卤代天然产物主要表现为细胞毒和抗菌等抗生活性(占69%),表明微生物为了适应或抵御极端环境(高盐、寡营养)而产生的卤代化合物往往具有细胞毒和抗菌作用。
To date, 163 halogenated natural products having cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal and other biological activity have been isolated from microorganisms. This article reviews the microbial origin, structure and bioactivity of these halogenated compounds. Marine microorganisms are the major producers of halogenated natural products (49%), whereas fungi are more able to synthesize halogenated compounds (61%) using halides in the medium; chlorinated compounds and nitrogenous halogenated compounds are active halogen The main types of natural products on behalf of, accounting for 92% and 47%, confirming the nitrogen is a major element of life; microbial halogenated natural products mainly for the anti-life cytotoxic and antibacterial activity (69%), indicating that microorganisms in order to Halogenated compounds produced to adapt to or withstand extreme environments (high salt, oligotrophic) tend to have cytotoxic and antibacterial properties.