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根据国内外对氮肥应用的研究,多数认为:氮肥施于土壤后,作物利用率仅达30～70％,10～40％残留在土壤中,淋洗损失占5—10％,气态损失10—30％。可见氮素利用潜力很大。为挖掘氮的有效利用,我们于1981、1982两年在拔节期和孕穗期分别采用不同深度(表施、1—2寸、3—4寸、5—6寸、7—8寸)追施氮肥(硫铵、硝铵)的试验,以明确对玉米经济产量的效应。研究结果表明:深施肥对提高玉米氮肥利用率有明显效果。一、氮肥适当深施可增根、增叶,显著促进玉米的吸收和光合效能,导致提高产量构成因素,其中以穗粒数影响效应最大,千粒重次之。二、不同种类氮肥对施肥深度的反应是一致的,均为随施肥深度的增加产量增加,在追施3—8寸内,5—6寸为最佳施肥深度,3—4寸仅次于5—6寸。三、年际间增产效应一致,就两年施肥层次x(x=1时表示表施;x=2时表示1—2寸;x=3时表示3—4寸;x=4时表示5—6寸),与其相应产量y进行回归,F=145.66>F0.01=98.49(呈高度显著) y=1114.7+67.6x (x=1、2、3、4) 即施肥层次每增加两寸,产量相应提高67.6斤/亩,增产5.73％;若采用5—6寸深施,产量比表施提高202.8斤/亩,增产17.3％。
According to the research on the application of nitrogen fertilizer at home and abroad, most of them think that after the nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the soil, the utilization rate of the crop is only 30-70%, 10-40% remains in the soil, the leaching loss accounts for 5-10% and the gas loss 10- 30%. It can be seen that nitrogen utilization has great potential. In order to excavate the effective use of nitrogen, we used different depths (1-2 times, 3-4 inches, 5-6 inches and 7-8 inches) in different depths at jointing and booting stages in 1981 and 1982 respectively Nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate) were tested in order to clarify the effect on economic yield of maize. The results showed that deep fertilization has a significant effect on increasing the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in maize. First, the proper application of nitrogen fertilizer can increase root, increase leaves, significantly promote corn absorption and photosynthetic efficiency, resulting in increased yield components, of which the spike grain number of the largest effect, followed by 1000 grain weight. Second, different types of nitrogen fertilizers depth of response is consistent, both with the increase of fertilizer depth to increase production, in the top dressing 3-8 inches, 5-6 inches for the best depth of fertilizer, 3-4 inches second only to 5-6 inches. Third, the inter-annual stimulation of the same effect, the fertilizer level for two years x (x = 1, said surface Shi; x = 2, said 1-2 inches; x = 3, said 3-4 inches; -6-inch), and its corresponding yield y regression, F = 145.66> F0.01 = 98.49 (highly significant) y = 1114.7 + 67.6x (x = 1,2,3,4) , A corresponding increase in yield of 67.6 kg / mu, an increase of 5.73%; if 5-6 inch deep application, output increased 202.8 kg / acre, an increase of 17.3%.