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目的分析毕节市2009年-2014年儿童重症手足口病病例,探讨儿童重症手足口病的流行特征,为手足口病的防控提供参考。方法对2009-2014年毕节市儿童重症手足口病病例三间分布和病原体分布特点进行分析。结果 2009年到2014年,毕节市儿童重症手足口病报告发病607例,综合医院报告554例,妇幼保健院报告28例,儿童医院报告8例。重症手足口病发病年龄最小为18 d,最大为13岁,5岁以下病例占97.10%。2010年0岁组病例占36.67%(11/30),2011年1岁组病例占41.02%(57/135),2012年1岁组病例占38.78(38/98),2013年1岁组病例占44.38%(75/169),2014年1岁组病例占44.59%(70/157)。男女发病性别比为2.14∶1,散居儿童占93.08%(565/607),幼托儿童占4.61%(28/607),其他职业儿童占2.30%(14/607)。发病率较高的县有金沙县、黔西县、织金县、七星关区,农村儿童发病409例,城镇儿童发病198例,每年4-7月为重症手足口病的发病高峰。确诊病例数共384例,EV71感染占62.50%,COX A16感染占9.64%,其他类型的肠道病毒感染占27.86%。结论毕节市儿童重症手足口病流行强度逐年增强,5岁以下散居儿童是发病的主要人群,EV71是引起重症手足口病的主要病原体,4-7月是防控的重点季节。
Objective To analyze the prevalence of severe hand-foot-mouth disease in children from 2009 to 2014 in Bijie City, and to provide a reference for prevention and control of hand-foot-mouth disease. Methods The distribution of three cases of severe HFMD in children in Bijie City from 2009 to 2014 and the distribution of pathogens were analyzed. Results From 2009 to 2014, 607 cases of severe HFMD in Bijie City, 554 cases in General Hospital, 28 cases in MCH and 8 cases in Children’s Hospital were reported. The minimum age of onset of severe HFMD is 18 days, the maximum is 13 years and 97.10% of those under 5 years of age. In 2010, 36.67% (11/30) were in the 0-year-old group, 41.2% (57/135) in the 1-year-old group in 2011, 38.78 (38/98) in the 1-year old group in 2012, Accounting for 44.38% (75/169). In 2014, 44.59% (70/157) of the patients in the 1-year-old group. Sex ratio was 2.14: 1 for male and female, 93.08% (565/607) for diaspora, 4.61% (28/607) for child care, and 2.30% (14/607) for other occupational children. High incidence of counties in Jinsha County, Qianxi County, Zhijin County, Qixingguan District, 409 cases of rural children, 198 cases of urban children, each year from April to July peak incidence of severe HFMD. A total of 384 confirmed cases, EV71 infection accounted for 62.50%, COX A16 infection accounted for 9.64%, other types of enterovirus infection accounted for 27.86%. Conclusion The prevalence of severe HFMD in children in Bijie City has been increasing year by year. Diaspore children under 5 years of age are the major pathogens. EV71 is the major pathogen causing HFMD. From April to July, it is the key season for prevention and control.