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1949年以来,中国司法经历了某种范式性转变。法理学教材中的法律适用理论为这种转变奠定了最一般的理论基础,从而可以将中国司法理论的转变概括为从强制型司法到权威型司法的转变。强制型司法的母体是20世纪40年代和20世纪50年代苏联的法律适用理论,中国法理学在继承这一理论母体的基础上,形成了强制型司法,它具有强制性、工具性和阶级性。从20世纪80年代下半期到20世纪90年代中期,强制型司法逐渐演变为权威型司法。权威型司法具有权威性、目的性和专业性。当前,权威型司法仍面临着一些需要解答的问题,因而也存在进一步完善的空间。
Since 1949, the Chinese judiciary has undergone some paradigm shift. The theory of legal application in jurisprudence textbooks has laid the most general theoretical foundation for such a change so that the transformation of China’s judicial theory can be summarized as a transition from mandatory justice to authoritative justice. The precursor of compulsory justice is the law applicable theory of the Soviet Union in the 1940s and the 1950s. On the basis of inheriting this theoretical mother body, Chinese jurisprudence has formed a compulsory type of judicature, which is mandatory, instrumental and class. From the latter half of the 1980s to the mid-1990s, compulsory judiciary gradually evolved into an authoritative judiciary. Authoritative judiciary is authoritative, purposeful and professional. At present, the authoritative judicature still faces some problems that need to be solved, so there is room for further improvement.