【摘 要】
：
A main cause of vision loss in the elderly is age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Among the cellular, biochemical, and molecular changes linked to this disease, inflammation and angiogenesis appear as being crucial in AMD pathogenesis and progression.
【机 构】
：
Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los
论文部分内容阅读
A main cause of vision loss in the elderly is age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Among the cellular, biochemical, and molecular changes linked to this disease, inflammation and angiogenesis appear as being crucial in AMD pathogenesis and progression. There are two forms of the disease: dry AMD, accounting for 80–90％ of cases, and wet AMD. The disease usually begins as dry AMD associated with retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor degeneration, whereas wet AMD is associated with choroidal neovascularization resulting in severe vision impairment. The new vessels are largely malformed, leading to blood and fluid leakage within the disrupted tissue, which provokes inflammation and scar formation and results in retinal damage and detachment. MicroRNAs are dysregulated in AMD and may facilitate the early detection of the disease and monitoring disease progression. Two recent reviews of microRNAs in AMD had indicated weaknesses or limitations in four earlier investigations. Studies in the last three years have shown considerable progress in overcoming some of these concerns and identifying specific microRNAs as biomarkers for AMD. Further large-scale studies are warranted using appropriate statistical methods to take into account gender and age disparity in the study populations and confounding factors such as smoking status.
其他文献
Reconstitution of complex multi-tissue organs is one of the most impressive feats of biology and is observed across regeneration-competent vertebrate species, including teleost fish (e.g., zebrafish), urodeles (e.g., axolotls and newts), and some lizards.
Parkinson\'s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by accumulation of α-synuclein in neurons of the central nervous system (CNS). The pathogenesis of PD is complex and only partially understood. Initial evidence pointed to the basal
Myelination, remyelination and demyelination: modeling the in vitro drug discovery pipeline: Demyelination is a multifactorial event occurring in diseases primarily involving myelin forming cells (oligodendrocytes, OLs) and their precursors (oligodendrocy
The complex challenges of studying neurochemistry: Neurochemistry comprises the molecular and biochemical roles of a vast variety of chemical compounds, including amino acids, peptides, gaseous molecules, and small molecules such as monoamines, which are
Extract from the medicinal herb Withania somnifera (WS), commonly known as Ashwagandha, has therapeutic implications in various conditions such as infection, inflammation, cancer, stress, neurodegenerative diseases, heart disease, diabetes, and others. Wi
The regeneration of peripheral nervous system and central nervous system (CNS) neurons after injury remains challenging. We have come a long way since the identification of a 37 kDa protein specific for regenerating peripheral nervous system and CNS nerve
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film and accompanied by ocular symptoms, in which tear film instability and hyperosmolarity, ocular surface inflammation and damage, and neurosensory abno
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and kynurenines: Kynurenines represent a relatively heterogenous group of tryptophan metabolites (Figure 1A). The amino acid tryptophan is metabolized in the humans by the kynurenine or serotonin pathway. For a long time, the
Decreased neuronal survival-signaling and brain damage: Stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide, the major cause of adult disability and second of dementia. In spite of the social and economic importance of this disorder, and after intense research,
Alzheimer\'s disease (AD), a common neurodegenerative disease, afflicts 26 million people worldwide currently with projection of a fourfold increase in this figure by the year 2050 (Brookmeyer et al., 2018). The majority of AD cases (95％) are sporadic,