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采用连续4年盆栽试验,研究了无机和有机肥及土壤调理剂对强侵蚀红壤的培肥效应。结果表明,施氮磷钾化肥(NPK)、NPK+有机肥(NPKM)、NPK+土壤调理剂1(NPKR1)和NPK+土壤调理剂2(NPKR2)施肥处理与不施肥对照(CK)比较均可提高土壤养分含量,其中,NPKM处理显著提高土壤有机质和碱解氮含量,NPKR2处理显著提高土壤有效磷和速效钾含量。各施肥处理均可提高土壤阳离子交换量(CEC)和有效阳离子交换量(ECEC),以NPKR2和NPKM处理提高土壤ECEC效果最显著。各施肥处理均明显提高土壤酸碱缓冲容量,以NPKR1和NPKR2处理效果最佳。各施肥处理的大豆和油菜生物产量均明显高于CK处理,且NPKM处理的作物生物量极显著高于对照(CK)和其他3种施肥处理,但不同季别的作物产量不稳定。说明施肥与土壤调理剂在短期内难以使退化红壤达到作物高产的理想修复效果。
Four years of pot experiment were conducted to study the effects of inorganic and organic fertilizers and soil conditioners on the fertility enhancement of strongly eroded red soils. The results showed that NPK, NPKM, NPKR1 and NPKR2 fertilization could increase soil fertility compared with no fertilization control (CK) Among them, NPKM treatment significantly increased soil organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content, NPKR2 treatment significantly increased soil available phosphorus and available potassium. All fertilization treatments could increase soil CEC and ECEC, and NPKR2 and NPKM treatments could improve soil ECEC. All fertilization treatments significantly increased soil acid-base buffering capacity, with NPKR1 and NPKR2 treatment best. The biological yield of soybean and rapeseed treated with fertilizer was significantly higher than that of CK, and the NPKM treatment of crop biomass was significantly higher than the CK and three other fertilization treatments, but the yield of different seasons was not stable. Indicating fertilization and soil conditioner in the short term is difficult to make the reddish soil to achieve high yield of the ideal restoration effect.