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选育高产与养分高效的粮食品种(高产高效品种)是解决中国粮食安全和资源、环境问题的重要途径之一,但是利用氮高效品种实现玉米节氮增产的潜力并不清楚.本研究对中国东华北主栽玉米品种在8个环境下进行了产量及氮效率评价,以期为玉米高产氮高效育种提供依据.结果表明,在适宜的低氮胁迫下(减产幅度为25%～60%),玉米产量的基因型×氮互作效应显著,能够筛选到不同类型的氮效率品种.目前东华北玉米主推品种中,在高产栽培条件下,高产氮高效品种(包括双高效型和高氮高效型两种类型)的增产幅度为8%～10%,节氮潜力达到16%～21%.在低氮胁迫下,耐低氮品种具有增产12%的潜力.选育高产氮高效玉米品种是实现增产节氮的可行途径.
Breeding of high-yielding and nutrient-efficient grain varieties (high-yielding and high-yielding varieties) is one of the important ways to solve the problem of food security and resources and environment in China, but the potential of utilizing N efficient varieties to increase N rate of maize is not clear. The yield and nitrogen efficiency of main maize cultivars in the eastern part of China were evaluated in eight environments in order to provide the basis for the high-yielding and high-yielding maize breeding. The results showed that under suitable low nitrogen stress (25% -60% yield reduction) The genotype × nitrogen interaction effect of maize yield was significant, and different types of nitrogen efficiency varieties could be screened.At present, under the high-yielding cultivation conditions, the main high-yielding varieties of nitrogen-efficient varieties (including double-efficient and high-nitrogen efficient type Two types) increased the yield by 8% ~ 10% and the potential of nitrogen saving reached 16% ~ 21%. Under low nitrogen stress, low nitrogen tolerant cultivars had the potential to increase yield by 12% Feasible ways to increase nitrogen production.