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[目的]了解银川市郊温室蔬菜和土壤中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留水平及其与种植者自评健康状况的关联。[方法]对银川市郊某镇蔬菜温室园区随机抽取35座蔬菜温室,以五点采样法对蔬菜和土壤进行采样,用高效液相色谱荧光检测法进行7种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的检测。选择该镇居住5年以上的非流动人口,以是否从事温室作业且使用农药的情况分为农药暴露组310人与对照组143人,进行自觉症状问卷调查。[结果]温室35份蔬菜样品中氨基甲酸酯类农药检出率为25.71%,35份土壤样品中检出率为65.71%,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=11.283,P<0.05);不同蔬菜间氨基甲酸酯类农药的检出率差异具有统计学意义(P=0.006);克百威与甲萘威在土壤与蔬菜样品中的残留量呈线性回归关系(b=1.905和0.339,均P<0.05)。问卷自觉症状中咳嗽、头晕等7项结果暴露组高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。[结论]银川市郊温室中部分蔬菜与土壤中存在氨基甲酸酯类农药残留;温室作业人员自觉症状报告率明显高于对照人群。
[Objective] The research aimed to understand the residues of carbamate pesticide residues in greenhouse vegetables and soil in Yinchuan and its relationship with grower self-rated health status. [Method] A total of 35 vegetable greenhouses were randomly selected in a vegetable greenhouse in a certain town of Yinchuan in the suburbs of Yinchuan. Vegetables and soil were sampled by five - point sampling method. Seven kinds of carbamate pesticide residues were detected by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The non-migrant population who lived in the town for more than 5 years was divided into three groups: 310 in pesticide exposure group and 143 in control group. [Result] The detection rates of carbamate pesticides in 35 vegetable samples in greenhouse were 25.71% and 65.71% in 35 soil samples (χ2 = 11.283, P <0.05). Different vegetables (P = 0.006). There was a linear regression relationship between carbofuran and carbaryl residues in soil and vegetable samples (b = 1.905 and 0.339, both P <0.05). Questionnaire symptoms in cough, dizziness and other 7 results exposed group higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). [Conclusion] The residues of carbamate pesticides were found in some vegetables and soil in the greenhouses of Yinchuan. The reporting rate of symptoms of greenhouse workers was significantly higher than that of the control group.