【摘 要】
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The brown mussel Perna perna (Linnaeus,1758) is a valuable resource for aquaculture in trop-ical and subtropical coastal regions.It presents desirable characteristics for biomonitoring,including being sessile,widely distributed and abundant,and is a filte
【机 构】
：
Fluminense Federal University (UFF),Institute of Biology,Graduate Program in Science and Biotechnolo
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The brown mussel Perna perna (Linnaeus,1758) is a valuable resource for aquaculture in trop-ical and subtropical coastal regions.It presents desirable characteristics for biomonitoring,including being sessile,widely distributed and abundant,and is a filter-feeder able to ac-cumulate several classes of pollutants (e.g.,metals,hydrocarbons,among others).Mussels\' biological responses to pollution exposure can be measured as biomarkers,which include alterations ranging from molecular to physiological levels,to estimate the degree of envi-ronmental contamination and its effects on biota.This full review compiles two decades(2000-2020) of literature concerning biological effects on P.perna mussel caused by environ-mental pollutants (i.e.,metals,hydrocarbons,and emerging pollutants),considering envi-ronmental and farm-based biomonitoring.Biochemical markers related to mussels\' oxida-tive status were efficient for the biomonitoring of metals (i.e.,antioxidant enzymes associ-ated with oxidative damage in biomolecules).Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity indicators (i.e.,comet,micronucleus,and neutral red assays) provided a depiction of hydrocarbon contam-ination.The neutral red assay gave a time-concentration cytotoxic response to a wide range of pollutants,including emerging pollutants (e.g.,pharmaceuticals and biocides) and hydro-carbons.Perna perna hemocyte parameters provided a useful approach for biocide biomon-itoring.This paper summarizes useful biomarkers from molecular to physiological levels in this mussel species used to identify and quantify the degree of coastal pollution.An in-tegrated biomarker analysis may provide a way to overcome possible biomarker variations and assess multi-polluted sites.Nevertheless,it is necessary to investigate biomarker vari-ations according to natural factors (e.g.,season and gonad maturation stage) to standardize them for trustworthy biomonitoring.
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