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基于土地流转带来农业规模化、经营主体职业化、经营方式科学化以及缺水地区经济发展面临水资源硬性约束,农用水权置换制度实施具备了应用市场。本文通过数理分析为主的定量方法研究农用水权置换制度影响因素:主要基于流域初始农用水权界定和明确、农用水权置换方式、农用水权置换价格合理构成,政府监督过程激励和惩罚措施,置换期限如何保持节水动力的持续性,以及对置换过程可能涉及到第三方利益的补偿机制等四个大的方面阐述了缺水地区农用水权置换制度影响因素。同时,针对其影响因素提出了相应解决措施,即主要包括缩小共有范围、计量到户来界定初始农用水权,引入用水户协会作为中间商农用水权置换模式,基于置换双方供需情况的价格形成机制,设置中长期农用水权置换期限,设立置入方准入制和负面清单管理的政府监管体系等六方面政策措施,以完善缺水地区农用水权置换制度建立。
Due to the scale of agriculture brought by the land transfer, the main body of the business operation, the scientific operation mode, and the economic development of the water-scarce areas are faced with the rigid constraints of water resources, the application of the system of agricultural water right substitution has the application market. In this paper, quantitative analysis method based on mathematical analysis is used to study the influencing factors of agricultural water rights replacement system: based on the definition and clarification of the initial agricultural water rights, the replacement of agricultural water rights, the reasonable composition of agricultural water rights replacement price, the government supervision process incentives and punitive measures , How to maintain the sustainability of water-saving motivation during the replacement period, and the compensation mechanism that may involve the third-party interest in the replacement process. The factors that affect the replacement system of agricultural water rights in drylands are described. At the same time, some countermeasures are put forward according to its influencing factors, which include reducing the scope of communalization, defining the initial agricultural water right by measuring households, introducing WUA as the replacement mode of agricultural water right of middlemen, and forming the price based on the supply and demand of both parties Mechanism, the establishment of medium and long-term replacement period of agricultural water rights, the establishment of the admittance system and the negative list management of the government regulatory system and other six aspects of policy measures to improve water-deficit areas of agricultural water rights replacement system.