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核物理是以原子核为对象研究物质性质的一门科学,它研究核内组分的运动,组分间的相互作用及核间碰撞规律。原子核是一个有限多体、强相互作用的量子体系,决定了它的复杂性,此外,核本身具有许多特点,例如高密度强束缚,使它成为精确检验和发展标准模型的良好“实验室”,确切地说,现代核物理是强子物理,核物理也是一门与其它科学有着紧密联系和广泛应用的科学。 一、核物理学的进化 人们对原子核的认识是从外向内逐层深入的,研究范围从一般到特殊、从正常到奇异逐步扩大。它的发展分别体现了对物质的组分及相互作用力两个方面认识的统一。核物理学的每一发展阶段都与技术进步、特别是与加速器的发展有关。
Nuclear physics is a science that studies the physical properties of nuclei. It studies the movement of intranuclear components, the interaction between components and the collision law between nuclei. The nucleus is a finite, multi-body, strongly interacting quantum system that determines its complexity. In addition, the nucleus itself has many features, such as high density and strong binding, making it a good “laboratory” for accurately testing and developing standard models Specifically, modern nuclear physics is hadron physics, and nuclear physics is also a science that is closely linked and widely used with other sciences. First, the evolution of nuclear physics People’s understanding of the nucleus is from depth to depth, the scope of research from general to special, from normal to singular and gradually expanded. Its development reflects the unity of knowledge on both the components of matter and the forces of interaction. Each stage of development of nuclear physics is related to technological progress, especially the development of accelerators.