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目的调查妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)营养状况,为制定营养干预方案提供依据。方法对GDM孕妇进行健康信息采集及24h回顾性膳食调查,分析其膳食结构及各营养素的摄入情况。结果调查195例GDM孕妇中,孕前体重超重占19.4%,低蛋白血症占6.3%,贫血占3.1%,血脂异常普遍;膳食调查结果与有关饮食控制标准比较,能量、脂肪和碳水化合物摄入量均偏高,蛋白质摄入量不足;部分微量营养素与膳食纤维摄入不足;粗杂粮摄入量少,大豆类摄入不足;水产品摄入量高于畜肉类,油脂类摄入普遍偏高。结论 GDM孕妇膳食中能量摄入偏高,3大营养素供热比不合理,微量营养素摄入不足。应强化GDM孕妇健康教育工作,及早进行合理膳食干预。
Objective To investigate the nutritional status of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and provide basis for formulating nutritional intervention programs. Methods GDM pregnant women were collected health information and retrospective dietary survey 24h, analysis of dietary structure and nutrient intake. Results Among 195 pregnant women with GDM, 19.4% were overweight before pregnancy, 6.3% had hypoproteinemia, 3.1% were anemic, and dyslipidemia was common. The results of dietary surveys were compared with those of diet control, and energy, fat and carbohydrate intake The amount of high protein intake, insufficient intake of some micronutrients and dietary fiber; less coarse grains intake, inadequate intake of soybeans; intake of aquatic products is higher than livestock meat, oil intake generally partial high. Conclusion The energy intake of pregnant women with GDM is high, the ratio of heating to the three major nutrients is not reasonable, and the intake of micronutrients is insufficient. GDM pregnant women should be strengthened health education, as early as possible reasonable dietary intervention.