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[目的]为实现西藏农村能源的可持续利用提供理论依据。[方法]综述了西藏能源资源情况,分析了西藏农村生物质能利用的特点及潜力,并提出了西藏薪柴替代成略的可持续发展对策。[结果]西藏可再生能源十分丰富,主要有水能、地热能、太阳能、风能和以薪柴和畜粪为主的生物质能,而常规化石能源资源稀缺,石油、煤炭资源比较少,能源消耗以生物质能为主。这种低水平的传统的能源消费结构使脆弱的高原生态植被遭到破坏,致使生态环境恶化,水土流失加剧,土壤肥力下降。[结论]西藏未来的能源发展战略迫切需要改变目前能源的消费结构,积极实施薪柴替代战略,大力发展太阳能、风能、农村小水电替代目前以生物质能为主的能源消费结构,加快小城镇化进程,重点发展农村沼气,因地制宜,多能互补,减少因能源消费对西藏生态环境的破坏。
[Objective] To provide the theoretical basis for the sustainable utilization of Tibetan rural energy. [Method] The current situation of energy resources in Tibet was summarized. The characteristics and potential of biomass energy utilization in rural areas in Tibet were analyzed. The countermeasures for sustainable development of alternative fuelwood in Tibet were proposed. [Result] Tibet was rich in renewable energy, mainly including hydropower, geothermal energy, solar energy, wind energy and biomass energy mainly based on fuelwood and livestock manure. However, conventional fossil energy resources are scarce, petroleum and coal resources are relatively small, and energy Consumption of biomass-based. This low level of traditional energy consumption structure has damaged the fragile plateau ecological vegetation, resulting in the deterioration of the ecological environment, soil erosion and soil fertility decline. [Conclusion] The future energy development strategy of Tibet urgently needs to change the current consumption structure of energy, actively implement the strategy of substituting firewood and vigorously develop solar energy, wind energy and small hydropower in rural areas to replace the existing biomass energy-based energy consumption structure and speed up the development of small towns The process of development will focus on the development of biogas in rural areas and will complement each other according to local conditions so as to reduce the damage to the ecological environment in Tibet due to energy consumption.