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目的:在全国赛前10周,对优秀男子曲棍球运动员进行为期6周的赛前综合强化力量训练,并观察其训练效果,为我国优秀男子曲棍球运动员赛前的强化力量训练提供实证参考。方法:对19名广东省男子曲棍球运动员实施每周3次、每次120分钟、为期6周的赛前综合强化力量训练方案,在训练前后测量力量素质、爆发力及速度耐力;在训练前、中(第3周训练后)、后,测定基础状态下的血红蛋白(HB)、血清肌酸激酶(CK)、血尿素(BU)、睾酮(T)和皮质醇(C);同时随机抽取部分运动员,以递增负荷跑台方式测量最大摄氧量(VO2max)来评价有氧代谢能力,Wingate测试评价无氧代谢能力。结果:与训练前相比,训练后卧推、深蹲、背肌提拉、收腹举腿、纵跳高度均非常显著提高(P<0.001),立定跳远、30 m跑、腹肌显著提高(P<0.01),背肌耐力和5×25m折返跑略有提高;基础状态下的T/C值有提升趋势(P=0.054),其它血液指标变化不大;最大摄氧量无显著变化,但是3000m跑成绩有提升,最高功率、平均功率无显著变化。结论:1、赛前综合强化力量训练有效提升优秀曲棍球运动员的上肢力量、下肢力量、腰腹部的核心力量以及爆发力。2、合理的赛前综合强化力量训练不会导致运动员机能状态下降,同时运动员的有氧代谢能力和无氧代谢能力可以保持。
Objective: To observe the effect of six-week pre-competition strengthening training for elite male hockey players 10 weeks before the national competition, and provide empirical evidence for the strengthening of strength training of elite male field hockey players before the match. Methods: Nineteen male hockey players in Guangdong province were enrolled in this study. The physical strength, explosive force and speed endurance were measured before and after training three times a week for 120 minutes and six weeks respectively. Before and after training (HBO), serum creatine kinase (CK), blood urea (BU), testosterone (T) and cortisol (C) were determined at the third week after training. At the same time, some athletes , Aerobic metabolism was assessed by measuring the maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) with increasing load on the treadmill, and Wingate’s test evaluating anaerobic metabolism. Results: Compared with those before training, bench press, squat, back lifting, abdomen lifting leg and vertical jump height were significantly increased (P <0.001), standing long jump, 30 m running, abdominal muscle significantly increased (P <0.01). The endurance of brachial muscle and 5 × 25m reentry run slightly increased. The T / C value of basal state increased (P = 0.054), while the changes of other blood indexes did not change much. The maximal oxygen uptake had no significant change , But 3000m run results have improved, the maximum power, average power no significant change. Conclusion: 1, comprehensive pre-competition strength training effectively improve the excellent hockey players upper limb strength, lower extremity strength, waist and abdomen core strength and explosive force. 2, a reasonable combination of pre-competition strength training will not lead to the performance of athletes decline, while athletes aerobic metabolism and anaerobic metabolism can be maintained.