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在育种实践中,叶色基因可作为标记性状,对提高杂交制种效率和降低杂交种子生产成本具有重要意义.xws是在水稻两用核不育系的大面积制种田中发现的一株自然黄叶突变体,本研究比较了xws与野生型的主要农艺性状,并对该突变体进行了遗传分析、基因定位及育种利用.结果表明:xws比野生型始穗期推迟3d,株高、穗长、单株有效穗数、穗粒数均比野生型有所增加,而千粒重比野生型略有减少.遗传分析表明xws黄叶性状受单隐性核基因控制,暂时将其命名为XWS.以xws与R华占杂交的F2群体作为定位群体,将XWS基因定位在水稻第3号染色体分子标记WY152到WY244之间,其遗传距离分别为0.2 cM和0.5 cM.此外,通过xws开展相应的育种利用研究,已选育出稳定的带叶色标记性状两系不育系黄13S,其所配组合展示出极大的应用潜力.“,”In breeding practice,leaf color gene can be used as a marker,which was of great significance to improve the efficiency of hybrid seed production and reduce the cost of hybrid seed production.xws was a natural yellow-leaf mutant found in the large-scale hybrid rice breeding of the dual-purpose genic sterile rice.In this study,the main agronomic traits of xws were compared with wild type,and the mutant was analyzed for genetic analysis,gene mapping and breeding application.The results showed that initial heading stage of xws were delayed by 3 days compared with the wild type,and the plant height,the panicle length,the no.of effective panicles per plant and the no.of grains per panicle were higher than those of the wild type,and thousand grain weight was less than that of the wild type.Genetic analysis showed that the yellow leaf traits of xws were controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene that were temporarily named XWS.For gene mapping to develop a population of F2 from the cross between xws and the green leaf varieties R Huazhan,the XWS gene was located between WY152 and WY244,and the genetic distances were 0.2 cM and 0.5 cM,respectively.In addition,xws carried out the research of breeding application to breed the stable dual-purpose genic sterile rice variety Huang 13S with leaf color marker,which showed great potential for application by hybridization crosses of Huang 13S.