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为使一个玻璃熔炉的操作在经济效果和工艺过程方面都是最佳的,就必须了解热工的、工艺的和耐火的实际状况,并对其进行相互调整。所以,就不可避免地产生了对熔炼设备进行测量和目视监视的必要性,同时也产生了为有利于分析结果而研制新摄影材料的必要性。用特殊的方法可以看见熔炉内所造成的实际状况,但单凭无所藉助的人眼是不能察知的。对于目视监视的最重要的必需条件,已被由德国玻璃工业熔炼技术协会(HVG)研制的便携式炉用潜望镜所满足。通过HVG的进一步研究,扩大了仪器的使用范围,并改进了所达到的结果。这篇报告讨论了有关与炉用潜望镜结合应用的改进方法的研究结果。主要是:于存在和不存在发光火焰的范围内进行黑白摄影时,为达到良好的对比度效果和目视监视而使用的滤光片与组合滤光片;红外线胶片和假色胶片;在炉膛摄影时的偏振滤光片;通过等密度线方法分解火焰图象;通过多次摄影和时间流程摄影测定在熔池表面上的炉料浮动;电视摄象机与炉用潜望镜的配合;在图象投影屏幕上的对比度放大;高速摄影;等温线显示;为展示火焰瞬时等密度线图象的改进了的电视方法。由德国玻璃工业熔炼技术协会(HVG)研制的便携式炉用潜望镜(视场角为20°或90°)适用于观察玻璃熔炉。文献[1—3]曾叙述了这两种仪器的构造和使用方法。藉助炉用潜望镜,如同把观测位置安设到炉膛中去一样,而无需在砖砌体上开设较大的观察孔。炉用潜望镜能满足对熔炉设备进行目视监视的最基本要求。尽管在许多地方使用这种仪器时,一再收到成效,但通过HVG的进一步研究又扩大了仪器的使用范围并改进了迄今为止所能达到的结果。下面的例子表明了摄影和电视方法与炉用潜望镜相结合的使用情况。
In order to optimize the operation of a glass furnace economically and technologically, it is necessary to understand and adjust the thermal, technological and fire-resistant physical conditions. Therefore, the necessity of measuring and visualizing the smelting equipment inevitably arises, and the necessity of developing new photographic materials in favor of the analysis results. The actual situation caused by the furnace can be seen in a special way, but it can not be detected by the unaided eyes alone. The most important requirement for visual monitoring has been met by the periscope for portable furnaces, developed by the German Glass Industry Melting Technology Association (HVG). Further research by HVG has expanded the scope of use of the instrument and improved the results achieved. This report discusses the findings of an improved method for use with periscopes in conjunction with furnaces. Mainly: filters and combination filters used to achieve good contrast and visual monitoring in black and white photography in the presence and absence of a luminous flame; infrared film and false color film; photography in a furnace Polarization filter; the resolution of the flame image by the isopycnic line method; the determination of the charge float on the surface of the bath by multiple photographic and time-flow photography; the cooperation of the television camera with the periscope for the furnace; Zoom on screen contrast; high-speed photography; isotherm display; improved television method for displaying instantaneous isopycnic line images of flames. Portable furnace periscopes (20 ° or 90 ° angle of view) developed by the German Glass Industry Melting Technology Association (HVG) are suitable for viewing glass furnaces. Literature [1-3] described the construction and use of these two instruments. With the furnace periscope, as the observation position set into the furnace to the same, without the need to open a large brick in the observation hole. Periscopes for furnaces meet the most basic requirements for visual monitoring of furnace equipment. Although repeated use of the instrument in many places has been successful, further research by the HVG has expanded the scope of use of the instrument and improved the results so far achieved. The following example shows the use of photographic and television methods in combination with periscopes for furnaces.