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目的观察脑衰老大鼠游泳运动后海马的形态结构、抗氧化能力及行为能力,探讨运动延缓脑衰老的效果及其机制。方法健康雄性SD大鼠30只,分为对照组、模型组和游泳组,第9周进行学习记忆能力及运动协调能力测试,第10周测定海马丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,透射电镜观察海马神经细胞超微结构。结果游泳组大鼠海马神经元仅有少量核轻度固缩;学习记忆错误次数显著减少(P<0.01),悬吊时间明显增加(P<0.05);海马SOD活性有增高趋势,MDA含量显著降低(P<0.01),GSH-Px活性显著增高(P<0.01)。结论游泳运动对大鼠海马神经细胞结构具有良好的影响,能显著改善脑衰老引起的学习记忆和协调肌肉活动等行为能力的下降。
Objective To observe the morphological structure, antioxidant capacity and behavioral abilities of hippocampus after swimming in rats with senile aging and to explore the effect and mechanism of exercise on delaying brain aging. Methods Thirty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and swimming group. The learning and memory abilities and motor coordination were measured at the 9th week. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons were observed by transmission electron microscope. Results In the swimming group, only a few nuclear pyknosis was observed in the hippocampal neurons; the number of learning and memory errors was significantly decreased (P <0.01) and the suspension time was significantly increased (P <0.05); the activity of SOD in hippocampus was increased and the content of MDA was significantly increased (P <0.01), GSH-Px activity was significantly increased (P <0.01). Conclusion Swimming exercises have a good effect on the structure of hippocampal neurons in rats, and can significantly improve the cognitive abilities of learning and memory and coordinating muscle activity induced by brain aging.