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甘士调(1674—1738)是清代主要的指头画画家,本文考究其身世,厘定见存有年款画作的年次,尤其阐明画作款印上字句的意味。山海关外人、十三山外人、鸭绿江南人、怀园和凤矶山人——这些自称是申明其家世根源在山海关以东、浑河南岸的奉集堡,怀念故土和祖宗,孝的表现。但强调山海关之东这个地望,是自矜其旗人身份。因为以1644年为界,凡以清兵入关的汉人编入八旗,与关内汉人构成“旗与民”的征服与被征服者的格局,彼此社会地位不同。
In the Qing Dynasty, Gan Shih-tian (1674-1738) was the leading financier of the Qing Dynasty. This article examines his life experience and determines the number of years in which paintings are kept. In particular, he illustrates the meaning of the words printed on paintings. Shanhaiguan outsiders, 13 outsiders, Yalu Jiangnan, Huaiyuan and Fengxishan - claiming to be the source of their homeland affiliation to the east of Shanhaiguan and to the south bank of the Hunhe River. They miss the performance of their homeland, their ancestors and their filial piety. However, the emphasis on the East of Shanhaiguan is a sign of self-esteem. Because in 1644 the world, the Han Chinese who incorporated the Qing troops into the Eight Banners and the Guan Han nationality constitute the “flag and the people,” the pattern of conquest and conquered, each social status is different.